传递现象(第二版)影印版作者:Bird

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书名:传递现象(第二版)影印版
作者:Bird
译者:
出版社:化学工业出版社
价格:89元

简介

Whilemomentum,heat,andmasstransferdevelopedindependentlyasbranchesofclassicalPhysicslongago,theirunifiedstudyhasfounditsPlaceasoneofthefunda-mentalengineeringsciences,Thisdevelopment,inturn,lessthanhalfacenturyold,con-tinuestogrowandtofindapplicationsinnewfieldssuchasbiotechnology,microelectronics,nanotechnology,andpolymerscience.
Evolutionoftransportphenomenahasbeensorapidandextensivethatcompletecoverageisnotpossible.While．Wehaveincludedmanyrepresentativeexamples,ourmainemphasishas,ofnecessity,beenonthefundamentalaspectsofthisfield.More-over,wehavefoundindiscussionswithcolleaguesthattransportphenomenaistaughtinavarietyofwaysandatseveraldifferentlevels.Enoughmaterialhasbeenincludedfortwocourses,oneintroductoryandoneadvanced.Theelementarycourse,inturn,canbedividedintoonecourseonmomentumtransfer,andanotheronheatandmasstrans-fer,thusprovidingmoreopportunitytodemonstratetheutilityofthismaterialinpracti-calapplications.Designationofsomesectionsasoptional(○)andotherasadvanced(●)maybehelpfultostudentsandinstructors.
Longregardedasarathermathematicalsubject,transportphenomenaismostimpor-tantforitsphysicalsignificance.Thecssenceofthissubjectisthecarefulandcompactstatementoftheconservationprinciples,alongwiththefluxexpressions,withemphasisonthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthethreetransportprocessesconsidered.
Often,specializationtotheboundaryconditionsandthephysicalpropertiesinaspecificprob-lemcanprovideusefulinsightwithminimaleffort.Nevertheless,thelanguageoftrans-portphenomenaismathematics,andinthistextbookwehaveassumedfamiliaritywithordinarydifferentialequationsandelementaryvectoranalysis.Weintroducetheuseofpartialdifferentialequationswithsufficientexplanationthattheinterestedstudentcanmasterthematerialpresented.Numericaltechniquesaredeferred,inspiteoftheirobvi-ousimportance,inordertoconcentrateonfundamentalunderstanding.
Citationstothepublishedliteratureareemphasizedthroughout,bothtoplacetrans-portphenomenainitsproperhistoricalcontextandtoleadthereaderintofurtherexten-sionsoffundamentalsandtoapplications.Wehavebeenparticularlyanxioustointroducethepioneerstowhomweowesomuch,andfromwhomwecanstilldrawusefulinspiration.Thesewerehumanbeingsnotsodifferentfromourselves,andper-hapssomeofourreaderswillbeinspiredtomakesimilarcontributions.
Obviouslyboththeneedsofourreadersandthetoolsavailabletothemhavechangedgreatlysincethefirsteditionwaswrittenoverfortyyearsago.Wehavemadeaseriousefforttobringourtextuptodate,withinthelimitsofspaceandourabilities,andwehavetriedtoanticipatefurtherdevelopments.Majorchangesfromthefirsteditioninclude:
•transportpropertiesoftwo-phasesystems
•useof＂combinedfluxes＂tosetupshellbalancesandequationsofchange
•angularmomentumconservationanditsconsequences
•completederivationofthemechanicalenergybalance
•expandedtreatmentofboundary-layertheory
•Taylordispersion
•improveddiscussionsofturbulenttransport
•FourieranalysisofturbulenttransportathighProrSc
•moreonheatandmasstransfercoefficients
•enlargeddiscussionsofdimensionalanalysisandscaling
•matrixmethodsformulticomponentmasstransfer
•ionicsystems,membraneseparations,andporousmedia
•therelationbetweentheBoltzmannequationandthecontinuumequations
•useofthe〃Q+W〃conventioninenergydiscussions,inconformitywiththe
lead-ingtextbooksinphysicsandphysicalchemistryHowever、itisalways

Preface
  Chapter    The  Subject  of  Transport  Phenomena        1

  Part  I  Momentum  Transport
  Chapter  1  Viscosity  and  the  Mechanisms  of  Momentum
                     Transport           11
        1.1  Newton’s    Law    of    Viscosity(Molecular   Momentum
               Transport)                11
1.2 Generalization  of  Newton’s  Law  of  Viscosity        16
1.3 Pressure  and  Temperature   Dependence  of  Viscosity        21
1.4 Molecular   Theory  of   the  Viscosity  of  Gases   at  Low   Density           23
1.5 Molecular  Theory  of  the  Viscosity  of  Liquids           29
1.6 Viscosity  of  Suspensions  and Emulsions           31
1.7 Convective  Momentum  Transport          34

  Chapter  2  Shell  Momentum  Balances  and  Velocity  Distributions  in
                     Laminar  Flow        4
2.1 Shell  Momentum  Balances  and  Boundary  Conditions      41
2.2 Flow  of  a  Falling  Film            42
2.3 Flow  Through  a  Circular  Tube          48
2.4 Flow  through  an  Annulus           53
2.5 Flow  of  Two  Adjacent  Immiscible  Fluids         56
2.6 Creeping  Flow  around  a  Sphere            58

  Chapter  3  The  Equations  of  Change  for  Isothermal  Systems      75
3.1 The  Equation  of  Continuity        77
3.2 The  Equation  of  Motion        78
3.3 The  Equation  of  Mechanical  Energy        81
3.4 The  Equation  of  Angular  Momentum        82
3.5 The  Equations  of  Change  in Terms  of  the   Substantial   Derivative        83
3.6 Use  of  the  Equations  of  Change  to  Solve  Flow  Problems    97
3.7 Dimensional   Analysis  of  the  Equations  of  Change         97

  Chapter  4  Velocity  Distributions  with  More  than  One
                     Independent    Variable        114
4.1 Time-Dependent  Flow  of  Newtonian  Fluids        114
4.2 Solving  Flow  Problems  Using  a  Stream  Function        121
4.3 Flow  of  Inviscid  Fluids  by  Use  of  the  Velocity        126
4.4 Flow  near  Solid  Surfaces   by  Boundary-Layer  Theory      133

Chapter  5  Velocity  Distributions  in  Turbulent  Flow          152
        5.1  Comparisons  of  Laminar  and  Turbulent   Flows        154
        5.2  Time-Smoothed  Equations  of  Change  for  Incompressible
               Fluids          156
5.3 The  Time-Smoothed  Velocity  Profile  near  a  Wall          159
5.4 Empirical  Expressions  for  the Turbulent  Momentum  Flux   162
5.5 Turbulent  Flow  in  Ducts          165
5.6 Turbulent  Flow  in  Jets           168

  Chapter  6  Interphase  Transport  in  Isothermal  Systems        177
6.1 Definition  of  Friction  Factors        178
6.2 Friction  Factors  for  Flow  in  Tubes        179
6.3 Friction  Factors  for  Flow  around  Spheres        185
6.4 Friction  Factors  for  Packed  Columns        188

  Chapter  7  Macroscopic  Balances  for  Isothermal  Flow  Systems      197
7.1 The  Macroscopic  Mass  Balance             198
7.2 The  Macroscopic  Momentum  Balance          2
7.3 The  Macroscopic  Angular  Momentum  Balance        22
7.4 The  Macroscopic  Mechanical  Energy  Balance         23
7.5 Estimation  of  the  Viscous  Loss          25
7.6 Use  of   the  Macroscopic   Balances  for    Steady-State   Problems          29
7.7 Use  of  the  Macroscopic  Balances   for  Unsteady-State  Problems            216
7.8 Derivation  of the  Macroscopic  Mechanical  Energy  Balance  221

  Chapter  8  Polymeric  Liquids        231
        8.1  Examples   of  the  Behavior  of  Polymeric   Liquids       232
8.2 Rheometry  and  Material  Functions           236
8.3 Non-Newtonian  Viscosity  and  the  Generalized    Newtonian    Models          24
8.4 Elasticity  and   the   Linear  Viscoelastic  Models         244
8.5 The  Corotational  Derivatives  and  the  Nonlinear  Viscoelastic   Models        249
8.6 Molecular  Theories   for  Polymeric  Liquids        253

  Part  II  Energy  Transport
  Chapter

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